Anxiety predicts a differential neural response to attended and unattended facial signals.pdf
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Anxiety predicts a differential neural response to attended and unattended facial signals
NeuroImage 44 (2009) 1144–1151
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
NeuroImage
j ourna l homepage: www.e lsev ie / locate /yn imgAnxiety predicts a differential neural response to attended and unattended facial
signals of anger and fear
Michael P. Ewbank a, Andrew D. Lawrence b, Luca Passamonti a,c, Jill Keane a,
Polly V. Peers a, Andrew J. Calder a,?
a MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
b Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
c National Research Council, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Piano Lago di Mangone (CS), Italy? Corresponding author. Fax: +44 122335962.
E-mail address: andy.calder@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk (A.J
1053-8119/$ – see front matter ? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All
doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.056a b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Behavioural evidence indica
Received 4 July 2008
Revised 19 September 2008
Accepted 29 September 2008
Available online 19 October 2008
Keywords:
Aggression
Emotion
Facial expression
fMRI
Social anxietytes that individual differences in anxiety influence the response to facial signals
of threat. Angry and fearful faces represent qualitatively different forms of threat. Fearful faces are thought to
signal the presence of a significant, yet undetermined source of danger within the environment, referred to
as ‘ambiguous threat’. In contrast, angry faces represent a more direct form of threat, often used in face-to-
face encounters to exert dominance. Given the inherent differences between anger and fear, we hypothesised
that anxiety would modulate the amygdala response to angry faces to a greater extent when attended.
Following previous research, we expected anxiety to show a stronger relationship with the amygdala
response to unattended fearful faces. In an event-related fMRI study, we presented images of two houses and
two faces (consisting of fearful, angry or neutral expressions) in horizontal and vertical
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