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Apple_Vimalakirti_copy
! !
Vimalak!rti
James B. Apple
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta
jbapple@ucalgary.ca
Definition: Legendary bodhisattva figure in the Vimalak!rtinirdea.
!
Vimalak!rti is a celebrated legendary bodhisattva most famously known for his teachings
and miraculuous activities in the Mahyna scripture called the Vimalak!rtinirdea (‘The
Teaching of Vimalak!rti’). The scripture has enjoyed for centuries great popularity among
Mahyna Buddhists in India, Central Asia, China, Tibet, and Japan. The Vimalak!rtinirdea is
one of the oldest and more famous texts of Mahyna Buddhist literature. Although the central
figure of Vimalak!rti is presented as the ideal Mahyna lay practitioner and a contemporary of
Gautama Buddha (6th–5th centuries BCE), the Vimalak!rtinirdea was likely composed in India
in approximately 100 CE (1, xcviii). Indirect evidence for the presence of Vimalak!rti in ancient
northwest Gandhra has been found in a recently identified framentary Gndhr! scroll which
describes an encounter between the Buddha and the young son of Vimalak!rti, the
licchavikum#ra Sucitti (2, 11). As far as currently known, no mention of Vimalak!rti appears in
any text earlier than the s#tra.
The Vimalak!rtinirdea is known as the “jewel of the Mahyna s#tras” and exhibits a
dramatic narrative, filled with dialogue and miraculous events that ostensively teach the wisdom
of emptiness ($nyat#) fused with skill in liberative technique (up#ya) to indicate the
inconceivable profundity of ultimate reality (acintyavimok%a) (3, 7). However, the
Vimalak!rtinirdea is also a great example of the rhetoric of Mahyna discourse which recreates
and relocates authority, legitimacy, and sanctity to overcome traditional forms of Buddhism in
To appear in the Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, ed. by Arvind Sharma (Springer, 2015).
! #!
order to advocate textualized Mahyna forms of Buddhism in the reading or listening
experiences of its audience (4).
Although the actual popul
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