Appendix B Ice Jam Mitigation Case Studies B-1. Kankakee River, Illinois—Thermal Control.pdf

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Appendix B Ice Jam Mitigation Case Studies B-1. Kankakee River, Illinois—Thermal Control.pdf

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Appendix B Ice Jam Mitigation Case Studies B-1. Kankakee River, Illinois—Thermal Control

EM 1110-2-1612 30 Oct 02 B-1 Appendix B Ice Jam Mitigation Case Studies B-1. Kankakee River, Illinois—Thermal Control a. The upstream end of the backwater from the Dresden Island Lock and Dam on the Illinois River extends to about River Mile 3.5 on the Kankakee River near Wilmington, Illinois. Frazil ice floes form a stable ice cover on the pool, which thickens as frazil ice then deposits beneath the ice cover. The thick frazil ice deposit requires more force to break up than the thinner upstream ice and provides an obstruction to the passage of upstream river ice, which breaks up prior to this thick ice deposit. An ice jam often forms at the upper end of the deposit and progresses upstream, flooding the city of Wilmington and surrounding areas. The ice jam flood in 1982, which caused more than $8 million in damages, was followed by other ice jam events in 1984 ($500,000) and 1985 ($1 million). Several alternative ice jam mitigation measures were considered. Because of the proximity of the cooling pond for the Dresden nuclear power plant, thermal ice control appeared feasible. The intent of the thermal control was to thin or melt the thick frazil deposits that resist breakup, thus allowing the fragmented ice from upstream to pass unobstructed. b. In a demonstration project, 20°C (68°F) water from the cooling ponds adjacent to the Kankakee River near Wilmington was siphoned in three 0.76-m-diameter (30-inch-diameter) pipes into the river upstream of the ice cover for 2 weeks prior to the anticipated breakup in 1988 (Figure B-1). The maximum siphon flow is 4.25 m3/s (150 ft3/s) compared with the expected river flow of approximately 113 m3/s (4000 ft3/s). The measured rise in water temperature was less than 0.56°C (1°F). The warm water input melted the existing ice so that ice floes passed unhindered during the natural breakup period and flooding was averted (Figure B-2). c. This $450,000 system worked successfully for 2 consecutive years. There were no rep