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Calibration of the length of a chain of single gold atoms
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Calibration of the length of a chain of single gold atoms
C. Untiedt1, A. I. Yanson1, R. Grande2, G. Rubio-Bollinger2, N. Agra??t2, S. Vieira2 and J.M. van Ruitenbeek1
1Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University,
PO Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
2Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Departamento de F??sica de la Materia Condensada C-III,
Universidad Auto?noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
(Dated: February 6, 2008)
Using a scanning tunnelling microscope or mechanically controllable break junction it has been
shown that it is possible to control the formation of a wire made of single gold atoms. In these
experiments an interatomic distance between atoms in the chain of ~ 3.6 A? was reported which is
not consistent with recent theoretical calculations. Here, using precise calibration procedures for
both techniques, we measure the length of the atomic chains. Based on the distance between the
peaks observed in the chain length histogram we find the mean value of the interatomic distance
before chain rupture to be 2.5 ± 0.2 A? . This value agrees with the theoretical calculations for
the bond length. The discrepancy with the previous experimental measurements was due to the
presence of He gas, that was used to promote the thermal contact, and which affects the value of
the work function that is commonly used to calibrate distances in scanning tunnelling microscopy
and mechanically controllable break junctions at low temperatures.
INTRODUCTION
In the last few years, there has been a significant ad-
vance in the understanding of the electronic properties
of atomic-sized contacts. This has been possible thanks
to the use of two techniques: the scanning tunnelling
microscope (STM)[1, 2] and the mechanically control-
lable break junction (MCBJ)[3]. In both cases the dis-
tance between two electrodes is controlled by means of
a piezo-electric tra
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