Chapter 4 - Impact Assessment.pdf

1Summer Ⅱ Graduate Course IE 5331: Sustainable Engineering 1 Dalian University of Technology Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing March 22, 2011 Chapter 4: Life Cycle Impact Assessment Hong C. Zhang OUTLINE Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Evaluation of potential human health and environmental impacts of the environmental resources and A Linkage between the product/process and its potential environmental impacts 3 列出了系统的生命周期分析清单,并不是LCA的最终 结果。 LCA的最终结果是从独立的、分散的清单数据中找 出有明确针对性的环境影响关联，得到比较明确的环 境影响与产品系统物质能量流的关联度，从而帮助我 们找到解决问题的关键所在。 Life Cycle Impact Assessment The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) phase of an LCA is the evaluation of potential human health and environmental impacts of the environmental resources and releases identified during the LCI. Impact assessment should address ecological and human health effects; it should also address resource depletion. Life Cycle Impact Assessment A life cycle impact assessment attempts to establish a linkage between the product or process and its potential environmental impacts. For example, what are the impacts of 9,000 tons of carbon dioxide or 5,000 tons of methane emissions released into the atmosphere? Which is worse? What are their potential impacts on smog? On global warming? Impact assessment Emissions Waste Energy consumption, Raw material consumption, Greenhouse effect, Summer smog, Acidification, Over-fertilisation, Environmental toxins, Problems with waste, ... Principles of Life Cycle Assessment Where do we start? What do we do ? Phases of the life cycle Life cycle stages Inventory analysis Manufacturing initial products Gathering and preparation of raw materials Production Use Disposal Recycling Depositon Resources Output Output Output Output Output Input Input Input Input Input Production phase Use phase End of Life 2Life Cycle Impact Assessment The results of an LCIA show the relative differences in potential environmental impacts for each option. For example, an LCIA