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Epidermal differentiation governs engineered skin biomechanics
Journal of Biomechanics 43 (2010) 3183–3190Contents lists available at ScienceDirectjournal homepage: /locate/jbiomech
Journal of Biomechanics0021-92
doi:10.1
n Corr
The Oh
43210,
E-mwww.JBEpidermal differentiation governs engineered skin biomechanicsG.C. Ebersole a, P.M. Anderson a, H.M. Powell a,b,n
a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 116 W. 19th Ave., 243C Fontana Labs, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
b Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, 116 W. 19th Ave., 243C Fontana Labs, Columbus, OH 43210, USAa r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:Accepted 24 July 2010
Engineered skin must be mechanically strong to facilitate surgical application and prevent damage
during the early stages of engraftment. However, the evolution of structural properties during culture,Keywords:
Tissue engineering
Skin
Differentiation
Strength90/$ - see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. A
016/j.jbiomech.2010.07.026
esponding author at: Department of Materi
io State University, 116 W. 19th Ave., 243C
USA. Tel.: +1 614 247 8673; fax: +1 614 292
ail address: powell.299@ (H.M. Powela b s t r a c t
the relative contributions of the epidermis and dermis, and any correlation with tissue morphogenesis
are not well known. These aspects are investigated by assessing the mechanical properties of
engineered skin (ES) and engineered dermis (ED) during a 21-day culture period, including correlations
with cellular metabolism, cellular organization and epidermal differentiation. During culture, the
epidermis differentiates and begins to cornify, as evidenced by immunostaining and surface electrical
capacitance. Tensile testing reveals that the ultimate tensile strength and linear stiffness increase
linearly with time for ES, but are relatively unchanged for ED. ES strength correlates significantly with
epidermal differentiation (po0.001) and a composite strength model indicates that strength is largely
determined by the epi
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