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Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China
Evidence for a significant urbanization effect
on climate in China
Liming Zhou*?, Robert E. Dickinson*, Yuhong Tian*, Jingyun Fang?, Qingxiang Li§, Robert K. Kaufmann?,
Compton J. Tucker, and Ranga B. Myneni?
*School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; ?Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences,
and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; §National
Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China; ?Department of Geography, Boston University,
675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; and Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
Edited by James E. Hansen, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, and approved April 28, 2004 (received for review January 15, 2004)
China has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic
growth since its reform process started in late 1978. In this article,
we present evidence for a significant urbanization effect on cli-
mate based on analysis of impacts of land-use changes on surface
temperature in southeast China, where rapid urbanization has
occurred. Our estimated warming of mean surface temperature of
0.05°C per decade attributable to urbanization is much larger than
previous estimates for other periods and locations. The spatial
pattern and magnitude of our estimate are consistent with those
of urbanization characterized by changes in the percentage of
urban population and in satellite-measured greenness.
Land-use changes from urbanization, creating an urban heatisland (UHI), have been suspected as partially being respon-
sible for the observed warming over land during the last few
decades because of (i) the observed decrease in the diurnal
temperature range (DTR) resulting from a larger increase or a
smaller decrease i
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