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Hemispheric Sunspot Numbers R_n and R_s Catalogue and N-S asymmetry analysis
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Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. February 2, 2008
(DOI: will be inserted by hand later)
Hemispheric Sunspot Numbers Rn and Rs:
Catalogue? and N-S asymmetry analysis
M. Temmer, A. Veronig, and A. Hanslmeier
Institut fu?r Geophysik, Astrophysik und Meteorologie, Universita?t Graz, Universita?tsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Received 18 December 2001 / Accepted 6 May 2002
Abstract. Sunspot drawings are provided on a regular basis at the Kanzelho?he Solar Observatory, Austria, and
the derived relative sunspot numbers are reported to the Sunspot Index Data Center in Brussels. From the daily
sunspot drawings, we derived the northern, Rn, and southern, Rs, relative sunspot numbers for the time span 1975–
2000. In order to accord with the International Sunspot Numbers Ri, the Rn and Rs have been normalized to the
Ri, which ensures that the relation Rn+Rs = Ri is fulfilled. For validation, the derived Rn and Rs are compared to
the international northern and southern relative sunspot numbers, which are available from 1992. The regression
analysis performed for the period 1992–2000 reveals good agreement with the International hemispheric Sunspot
Numbers. The monthly mean and the smoothed monthly mean hemispheric Sunspot Numbers are compiled into a
catalogue. Based on the derived hemispheric Sunspot Numbers, we study the significance of N-S asymmetries and
the rotational behavior separately for both hemispheres. We obtain that ~60% of the monthly N-S asymmetries
are significant at a 95% level, whereas the relative contributions of the northern and southern hemisphere are
different for different cycles. From the analysis of power spectra and autocorrelation functions, we derive a rigid
rotation with ~27 days for the northern hemisphere, which can be followed for up to 15 periods. Contrary to
that, the southern hemisphere reveals a dominant period of ~28 days, whereas the autocorrelation is strongly
atte
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