iPS and lineage reprogramming prospects for bone regeneration.pdf

EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS/INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS Concise Review: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Lineage Reprogramming: Prospects for Bone Regeneration DAMIR J. ILLICH,a NECATI DEMIR,a MIODRAG STOJKOVIC?,b,c MARTIN SCHEER,d DANIEL ROTHAMEL,d JO?RG NEUGEBAUER,d JU?RGEN HESCHELER,a,e JOACHIM E. ZO?LLERd aMedical Center, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; bSpebo Medical, Leskovac, Serbia; cHuman Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; dDepartment for Oral and Cranio-maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Key Words. Induced pluripotent stem cells ? Lineage reprogramming ? Bone regeneration ? Osteogenic differentiation ABSTRACT Bone tissue for transplantation therapies is in high demand in clinics. Osteodegenerative diseases, in particular, osteo- porosis and osteoarthritis, represent serious public health issues affecting a respectable proportion of the elderly pop- ulation. Furthermore, congenital indispositions from the spectrum of craniofacial malformations such as cleft palates and systemic disorders including osteogenesis imperfecta are further increasing the need for bone tissue. Addition- ally, the reconstruction of fractured bone elements after accidents and the consumption of bone parts during surgical tumor excisions represent frequent clinical situations with deficient availability of healthy bone tissue for therapeutic transplantations. Epigenetic reprogramming represents a powerful technology for the generation of healthy patient- specific cells to replace or repair diseased or damaged tis- sue. The recent generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is probably the most promising among these approaches dominating the literature of current stem cell research. It allows the generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human skin cells from which potentially