On Testing for Absence of Rights in Access Control Models.pdf

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On Testing for Absence of Rights in Access Control Models.pdf

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On Testing for Absence of Rights in Access Control Models

Proceedings of IEEE Computer Security FoundationsWorkshop VI, Franconia, NH, June 15-17, 1993, pages 109-118.On Testing for Absence of Rights in Access Control ModelsRavi S. Sandhu and Srinivas GantaCenter for Secure Information Systems, andDepartment of Information and Software Systems EngineeringGeorge Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030AbstractThe well-known access control model formalized byHarrison, Ruzzo, and Ullman (HRU) does not allowtesting for absence of access rights in its commands.Sandhus Typed Access Matrix (TAM) model, whichintroduces strong typing into the HRU model, contin-ues this tradition. Ammann and Sandhu have recentlyproposed an extension of TAM called augmented TAM(ATAM), which allows testing for absence of rights.The motivation for ATAM is to express policies for dy-namic separation of duties based on transaction con-trol expressions.In this paper we study the question of whether ornot testing for absence of access rights adds funda-mental expressive power. We show that TAM andATAM are formally equivalent in their expressivepower. However, our construction indicates that whiletesting for absence of rights is theoretically unneces-sary, such testing appears to be practically benecial.1 IntroductionThe need for access controls arises in any computersystem that provides for controlled sharing of informa-tion and other resources among multiple users. Accesscontrol models (also called protection models or secu-rity models) provide a formalism and framework forspecifying, analyzing and implementing security poli-cies in multi-user systems. These models are typicallydened in terms of the well-known abstractions of sub-jects, objects and access rights; with which we assumethe reader is familiar.Access controls are useful to the extent they meetthe user communitys needs. They need to be exi-The work of both authors is partially supportedby NationalScience Foundationgrant CCR-9202270. The authors are grate-ful to Nathaniel Macon for his support a