Proterozoic-sedimentation-and-Pan-African-geodynamic-development-in-the-Himalaya_1995_Precambrian-Re.pdf
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Proterozoic-sedimentation-and-Pan-African-geodynamic-development-in-the-Himalaya_1995_Precambrian-Re
E L S E V I E R Precambrian Research 74 ( 1995 ) 35-55
Premmbriun
Reseurth
Proterozoic sedimentation and Pan-African geodynamic
development in the Himalaya
K.S. Valdiya
Kumaun University, Nainita1263 002, India
Received 9 December 1993; revised version accepted 11 January 1995
Abstract
The Purana or Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian continental-margin sedimentary succession of the Lesser Himalaya comprises
three lithological divisions: a lower argillo-arenaceous group, a middle carbonate succession and an upper argillo-calcareous
assemblage. The poorly sorted basal sediments consisting of wacke-slate alternations of the lower group were emplaced by
currents, including turbidity currents, which in the early stage flowed northwards from the Aravalli and Satpura mountains of
Peninsular India. Lenticular deposits of diamictite within the flysch succession represent submarine slides. Penecontemporaneous
basaltic lavas and associated tufts, interbedded with shallow-water arenites making up the bulk of the upper part of the lower
group, were related to rifting of the basins. The overlying dolomites and dolomitic limestones were laid down on a very shallow
stable shelf and are characterised by columnar-branching stromatolites and lenticular units of crystalline magnesite and associated
talc. Lenticular diamictites towards the top of the upper group of slates and limestone are harbingers of tectonic movements
culminating towards the end of the Early Cambrian in an upheaval which abruptly terminated sedimentation throughout the
Lesser Himalaya and Peninsular India, and caused a pronounced interruption of sedimentation in the Tethyan domain in the
northern Himalaya.
The Cambro-Ordovician (500 + 25 Ma) granites intruding the Lesser Himalayan thrust sheets of Lower Proterozoic meta-
morphic rocks and the upwarped northern front of the Himalaya signify an important tectonic event that terminated the Purana
(Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian) sedimentation in the Indian
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