Spanning tree routing in LAN Network Algorithms and Shortest Path Routing Distance Ve.pdf

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Spanning tree routing in LAN Network Algorithms and Shortest Path Routing Distance Ve.pdf

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1Oct 12, 2005 1 CS 5224 Routing Dr. Chan Mun Choon School of Computing, National University of Singapore Oct 12, 2005 2Routing References Reading Bertsekas and Gallager, “Data Networks,” Chapter 5: Routing in Data Networks. Read Chapter 5.1 and 5.2 Some slides are taken from the following source: S. Keshav, “An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking”, Chapter 11: Routing Kurose and Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach Featuring the Internet,” Chapter 4: Network Layer and Routing Oct 12, 2005 3Routing Outline Introduction Spanning tree routing in LAN Network Algorithms and Shortest Path Routing Distance Vector and Link State Routing Oct 12, 2005 4Routing What is it? Process of finding a path from a source to every destination in the network Suppose you want to connect to Antarctica from your desktop what route should you take? does a “better” route exist? “better” can be less hops, lower delay, higher bandwidth... what if a link along the route goes down? what if you’re on a mobile wireless link? Routing deals with these types of issues 2Oct 12, 2005 5Routing Objectives The effect of good routing is to increase throughput for the same average delay per packet under high offered load conditions decrease average delay per packet under low and moderate offered load conditions Throughput Delay Bad Routing Good Routing Oct 12, 2005 6Routing Choices Centralized vs. distributed routing centralized is simpler, but prone to failure and congestion Source-based vs. hop-by-hop how much is in packet header? Intermediate: loose source route Single vs. multiple path primary and alternative paths State-dependent vs. state-independent do routes depend on current network state (e.g. delay) Oct 12, 2005 7Routing Flooding Flooding and broadcasting Simple and does not need any pre-processing Used when information is of interest to many nodes, of importance/urgency or no route exists Cost is high The origin node sends a packet to all its neighbors. Neighbo