The effect of microstructure on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behaviour in γ.pdf
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The effect of microstructure on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behaviour in γ
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A VOLUME 30A, MARCH 1999—563
The Effect of Microstructure on Fracture Toughness and
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in g-Titanium Aluminide
Based Intermetallics
J.P. CAMPBELL, K.T. VENKATESWARA RAO, and R.O. RITCHIE
Ambient-temperature fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation behavior are investigated in
a wide range of (g 1 a2) TiAl microstructures, including single-phase g, duplex, coarse lamellar (1
to 2 mm colony size (D) and 2.0 mm lamellar spacing (l)), fine lamellar (D ; 150 mm, l 5 1.3 to
2.0 mm), and a powder metallurgy (P/M) lamellar microstructure (D 5 65 mm, l 5 0.2 mm). The
influences of colony size, lamellar spacing, and volume fraction of equiaxed g grains are analyzed
in terms of their effects on resistance to the growth of large (.5 mm) cracks. Specifically, coarse
lamellar microstructures are found to exhibit the best cyclic and monotonic crack-growth properties,
while duplex and single-phase g microstructures exhibit the worst, trends which are rationalized in
terms of the salient micromechanisms affecting growth. These mechanisms primarily involve crack-
tip shielding processes and include crack closure and uncracked ligament bridging. However, since
the potency of these mechanisms is severely restricted for cracks with limited wake, in the presence
of small (,300 mm) cracks, the distinction in the fatigue crack growth resistance of the lamellar and
duplex microstructures becomes far less significant.
I. INTRODUCTION
THE g-TiAl–based intermetallic alloys have received
considerable attention in recent years as candidate materials
for high-temperature aerospace applications,[1,2] with the
most recent efforts being directed toward the replacement
of Ni-based superalloys in the lower-pressure, lower-tem-
perature regions at the rear of the turbine.[1,3,4] Titanium
aluminides based on the g phase (TiAl) exhibit densities
which are, respectively, ;15 and 50 pct lower than those
of Ti- and Ni-based alloys,
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