加工工艺参对水产颗粒料耐水性的影响.doc

加工工艺参数对水产颗粒料耐水性的影响 程秀花 杨应举摘 要 试验研究了原料粉碎粒度、调质温度、后熟化时间、入模水分和环模压缩比五个因素对水产颗粒料耐水性的影响。结果表明：①通常鱼用饲料的粉碎粒度过40目（0.425 mm）≥95%、调质温度控制在85 ℃以上、原料入模水分在14%～16%、后熟化时间为10～15 min，环模压缩比在15左右为宜；②河蟹配合颗粒饲料的粉碎粒度过80目≥90%、调质温度控制在80～90 ℃、原料入模水分在17%～20%、后熟化时间在20～30 min、环模压缩比在18～20为宜；③对虾配合颗粒饲料的粉碎粒度过80目≥90%、调质温度控制在80～90 ℃、原料入模水分在17%~20%、后熟化时间在20～30 min、环模压缩比在18～22为宜。关键词 颗粒饲料；粉碎粒度；调质；耐水性中图分类号 S816.8Effect of the processing parameters on the durability for aquatic pelleted feed Cheng Xiuhua, Yang YingjuAbstract In this paper, the effects that size reduction of the raw material, the conditioning temperature, the post-cooking time, the conditioning moisture content and the compressing ratio of the die on the durability for the aquatic pelleted feed were studied. The results showed that:to obtain the higher durability,95 percent of the size reduction was under 0.425 mm；The conditioning temperature was above 85 ℃; the conditioning water content was 14％~16% and the compression ratio of the die was 15 for the fresh-water fish; For the fresh-water crab and the prawn, the correspondently indexes as above were:90 percent of the size reduction was under 0.180 mm;The conditioning temperature was above 80~90 ℃;The conditioning water content was 17％~20% and the compression ratio of the die was 18~20, respectively. The post-cooking time was 20~30 min and the compress ratio of the die was 18~20 for the former and 18~22 for the latter.Key words pelleted feed；the size reduction; conditioning；durability 水产饲料的耐水性，也叫水中稳定性，是指水产颗粒料在水中浸泡一定时间后，保持组成成分不被溶解和不散失的性能，是衡量水产饲料质量的一个非常重要的指标。耐水性是一个综合性指标，它表征了水产饲料在水中的保形性、可摄取性、不溃散性、不溶性，一般以一定时间内饲料在水中的散失量与饲料总量之比的百分数表示（即散失率或溶失率）。影响水产饲料耐水性的因素较多，概括起来主要包括以下几个方面：①饲料自身的质量，亦可称为内在质量因素，主要取决于原料选择，包括适宜的淀粉、粗纤维和水分含量及粘合剂等；②加工工艺条件的影响，包括粉碎粒度、调质温度、环模压缩比等；③饲料投放的养殖水体。本试验主要讨论加工工艺参数对水产颗粒料耐水性的影响。1 材料与方法1.1 试验材料（见表1）本试验在南通巴大饲料有限公司水产饲料生产线上进行，样品取自该公司现生产销售的不同配方的三种水产饲料各一组，饲料均采用相同的生产工艺流程，避免了加工工艺的改变对饲料耐水性的影响。1.2 颗粒料溶失率的测定方法1.2.1 仪器与设备恒温烘干箱；天平，感量为0.01 g；立式搅拌器；量筒，500 ml；温度计，精度为0.1 ℃；秒表；自制圆筒形网筛，网筛框高6.5