集群技术(概述)详解.ppt

集群Cluster Technology Trends... Performance of PC/Workstations components has almost reached performance of those used in supercomputers… Microprocessors (50% to 100% per year) Networks (Gigabit SANs); Operating Systems (Linux,...); Programming environment (MPI,…); Applications (.edu, .com, .org, .net, .shop, .bank); The rate of performance improvements of commodity systems is much rapid compared to specialized systems. Towards Commodity Cluster Computing Linking together two or more computers to jointly solve computational problems Since the early 1990s, an increasing trend to move away from expensive and specialized proprietary parallel supercomputers towards clusters of workstations Hard to find money to buy expensive systems The rapid improvement in the availability of commodity high performance components for workstations and networks Low-cost commodity supercomputing From specialized traditional supercomputing platforms to cheaper, general purpose systems consisting of loosely coupled components built up from single or multiprocessor PCs or workstations History: Clustering of Computers for Collective Computing 1960 1990 1995+ 1980s 2000+ PDA Clusters What is Cluster ? A cluster is a type of parallel or distributed processing system, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone computers cooperatively working together as a single, integrated computing resource. A cluster: generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together in a single cabinet, or physically separated connected via a LAN appear as a single system to users and applications provide a cost-effective way to gain features and benefits A node a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, OS 集群技术 集群(一组协同工作的计算机)概念最早由IBM于20世纪60年代提出 集群一般由高速网络连接起来的高性能工作站或PC机组成。 集群在工作中像一个统一的整合资源，所有节点使用单一界面。 集群是充分利用计算资源的一个重要概念，因为它能够将工作负载从一个超载的系统（或节点）迁移到集群中的另一个系统上 集群概念 集群(cluster)是一种并行或分布式多处理系统，该系统由两个或多个计算机（简称为节点）通过网络连接而成。节点可以是一台PC机，也可以是工作站或者SMP，分别构成PC集群，工作站集群，SMP集群。 每一个节点都由