非谓语动词间句法功能讲述.ppt

人教版 Book 7 Unit 3 语法 1课时 动词不定式的基本形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing \ to have been doing \ 分词/动名词的基本形式 主动语态 被动语态 现动 在名 分词 词 一般式 完成式 过去分词 doing being done having done having been done \ done 动名词 动词不定式 　分词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 1作主语 不定式多表具体的动作，动名词多表抽象 习惯的动作 （1）不定式做主语 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数，为了平衡句子, 通常用it作形式主语,构成句型: It’s +n.(adj.)+ for(of) sb. +to do sth. To find out who stole the money is not easy. It’s not easy (for you )to find out who stole the money. 不定式的复合结构 :for sb to do, of sb to do It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. It is very kind of you to come here. It is foolish of him to do such a thing. 在某些形容词如clever, good ,nice, kind ,foolish, careless, right, wrong, rude, impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加of短语,这是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。 ． . eg. It’s worthwhile doing it. It’s no use doing it. It’s a waste of time doing it (2)动名词做主语时，it也可作形式主语．用于这种形式的是一些特定的adj和n，但较少,如 worthwhile, worth, useless, no use, no good, fun, a waste of time等 2作宾语 I’m preparing to take the examination next week. （1）只接to do 作宾语的动词 attempt, afford, agree, arrange, beg, choose, decide, determine, expect, hope , intend , long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise , refuse seek, wish, want 等 allow, mind, miss, enjoy, escape, conside（考虑）, admit(承认)，advise, appreciate，avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay（延迟）, imagine, keep, quit（离开）, resist(抵抗), risk（冒险）, be used to, look forward to（期望）, object to（反对）, pay attention to, 等 （2）只接doing动名词作宾语的动词 (3)即可接 to do 又可接doing ，但意义区别不大的词有：like, hate, begin, start, love, continue等． ． 注意:start, begin后面接to do和doing无多大区别。但在下列情况下，多用动词不定式： a．表自然界变化：It started to rain. Snow started to melt as spring came. 接表心理活动的词，如understand, know, realize等 I began to realize my mistakes. begin, start本身为进行时： People are beginning to take some measures to stop pollution. (4)有些动词后可接to do或doing，但意义截然不同。 try to do try doing mean to do mea