定语从句(讲义).doc

2011-2012年度高三英语复习 定语从句专题（讲义） 一、定语从句概述 1. 定语从句的定义 复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词；从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。如： Those who are willing to attend the party, please sign here. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 2. 定语从句的引导词 引导定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as； 关系副词：where，when，why. 3．定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。试比较： ①His brother who lives in New York is an actor. ②His brother, who lives in New York, is an actor. 限制性定语从句和主句关系十分密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。翻译成汉语时，译到先行词的前面，意为“……的”。 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。翻译成汉语时，译成一个独立的句子，放在主句译文之后。这种从句往往用逗号分开，不用that引导。如： China, which has a long history and bright brilliant culture, is a beautiful country. 中国是一个美丽的国家，它有着悠久的历史、灿烂的文化。 二、定语从句引导词的用法及分类 1、关系词的作用 ●连接作用：引导定语从句，把从句和主句连接起来； ●替代作用：在从句中替代先行词表示的意思； ●成分作用：在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 2、关系代词的用法分类： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 在从句中的句法功能 指人 指物 既指人又指物 主格 who which that 主语 宾格 who(m) which that 宾语 所有格 whose whose whose 定语 【提示】 ●关系代词在从句中做宾语，且前面无介词时，可以省略。如： ① I still remember the story that/which my grandpa often told me. →I still remember the story my grandpa often told me. ② The house which/that she used to live in was very beautiful. →The house she used to live in was very beautiful. →The house in which she used to live was very beautiful. 但不可说成：The house in she used to live was very beautiful. 3.关系副词的用法分类： 先行词的类别 关系副词 介词+关系代词 在从句中的成分 时间 when = in / at / on / during which 状语 地点 where = in / at / which 原因 why = for which 【提示】 ●where的先行词除表示明显的“地点”的名词外，还有一些表示人/物的境况、某事发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面。常见的名词有stage, situation, point, case, position等。如： ①This is the town where I was born. ②There is one point where I’d like your advice. ③We have reached a situation where a change is needed. ④We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money. ●关系副词相当于介词加关系代词（如上表所示），但有时为了表示清楚，如： This is the school where I used to study. =This is the school in which I used to study. 三、定语从句引导词的选择原则： ●选关系代词时，要看先行词是表示人的还是表示物的名词或代词。指人用who, whom