巢湖入湖河流分类及污染特征分析.doc

巢湖入湖河流分类及污染特征分析 王书航,姜霞*, 金相灿 (中国环境科学研究院, 北京100012) 摘要：为识别巢湖入湖河流主要污染特征和来源,以2008年入湖河流水质监测参数和河流入湖区藻类生物量数据为基础,采用多元统计方法对入湖河流进行了聚类和污染等级分级,并判别了湖区藻类生物量与河流营养盐输入负荷的关系.结果表明，入湖河流可分为3组,其水质分别受城市污染、水土保持和面源污染影响,其中城市污染控制河流输入到巢湖中高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷量分别占全部入湖河流污染负荷的 41.29%、89.49%、72.27%和60.14%；因子分析显示有机污染是入湖河流主要污染来源,9条环湖河流污染分级排序为：南淝河＞十五里河＞派河＞双桥河＞柘皋河＞裕溪河＞白石山河＞兆河＞杭埠河；河流入湖区藻类生物量与入湖河流NH4+-N、TN、TP的输入量呈正相关. 关键词：入湖河流；聚类；因子分析；巢湖；湖泊 中图分类号：X524 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0250-3301（2011） Classification and Pollution Characteristic Analysis for Inflow Rivers of Chaohu Lake WANG Shu-hang, JIANG Xia, JIN Xiang-can (1. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China) Abstract: In order to identify the main pollution resource and characteristic for inflow rivers of Chaohu Lake, the inflow rivers are clustered and the pollution levels are classified by statistical methods, in addition the correlation between algal biomass and the river nutrients input loads are derived, based on the inflow river water quality monitoring parameters and the Chla concentrations in inlake areas. Results shows that the Inflow Rivers could be classified into three groups, urban pollution rivers, soil and water conservation, and non-point source pollution are major factors which influenced water quality respectively. The input loads of permanganate index，NH4+-N，TN，TP from urban pollution rivers to the whole lake are 41.29%，89.49%，72.27% and 60.14% to all inflow rivers respectively. Organic pollution is the main pollution resource of Inflow Rivers by factor analysis. The pollution rank of nine inflow rivers are as follows: Nanfei RiverShiwuli RiverPaihe RiverShuangqiao RiverZhegao RiverYuxi RiverBaishishan RiverZhaohe RiverHangbu River. The algal biomass and the NH4+-N, TN, TP inputs of inflow rivers are positively correlated. Key words: inflow rivers; cluster analysis; factor analysis; Chaohu Lake;lake 湖泊富营养化已成为一个世界性问题,在经济快速发展的发展中国家尤为严重[1，2].防治湖泊富营养化,首先要对入湖营养物质的来源做出分析,然后才能控制进入湖泊营养物质的负荷量[3~5].河流是陆地生态系统和湖泊生态系统之间进行物质交