汽车超载的控制研究_毕业论文.doc

汽车超载的控制研究 摘要：针对当前由于超载而不断引起的重大交通事故，为减少因交通事故而造成人员伤亡和财产损失。本论文设计了一种汽车超载控制装置。装置要保证能够判断机动车是否超载，并且在超载时能够报警和显示超载的重量，保证可以实现对发动机打火系统的控制。本设计采用80C51单片机作为系统处理的核心，利用电阻应变式压力传感器将机动车载重量转换成电压信号；然后通过放大电路将电压信号放大后送到A/D转换转换成数字信号并计算出载重量；所得的结果会送到单片机，单片机与设定的载重量相互比较并且判断汽车是否超载，如果超载LED便会显示超载的重量, 蜂鸣器开始报警；同时利用可控电流开关对汽车的打火系统进行控制，从而最终实现对超载情况进行控制。车辆启动后单片机会对载重量进行关中断，速度传感器发挥作用，这样便可以避免行驶过程中因路面不平，颠簸而造成不必要的熄火。 关键词：80C51单片机,超载控制,传感器,A/D转换器,LED  Study on the control of vehicle overload Abstract:In view of the current caused by overload and major traffic accidents, in order to reduce the casualties and property losses caused by traffic accident. This paper designs a kind of motor overload control device. Required to determine whether a motor vehicle overloading, when overload can provide alarm and show the weight of the overload, and can realize the control of the engine ignition system. This design USES 80C51 is the core of the system processes, using resistance strain type pressure sensor converts the vehicle load voltage signal; And then through the voltage signal amplification circuit to enlarge A/D conversion converts the digital signal and calculate the load; The load will be sent to the microcontroller, single-chip microcomputer and setting capacity comparison and determine if overload, if the weight of the LED display overload overload, buzzer alarm beginning; At the same time with controllable current switch to control the cars ignition system, so as to ultimately achieve to control the overload situations. Vehicle starts microcontroller to off load interruption, speed sensor, to avoid driving in the process of road uneven, turbulence and cause unnecessary stall. Keywords: 80C51, overload control, sensor, A/D converter, LED 目 录 摘要 Ⅰ Abstract Ⅱ 目录 Ⅲ 1 绪论 1 1.1 课题的提出及意义 1 1.2 国内外汽车超载研究现状 2 1.3 研究内容和需解决的问题 3 2 汽车车架的受力分析 4 2.1 整车对车架的要求 4 2.2 车架的受力情况分析 4 2.3 车架的结构分析 4 3 传感器的选择及性能分析 8 3.1 传感器的基本概念 8 3.2 测力传感器 8 3.2.1 测力传感器的选择 8 3.2.2 电阻应变式传感器工作原理及测量电路 9 3.2.3 电阻应变式传感器的安装 13 3.2.4 选用传感器的型号