高中非谓语动词讲解教材.doc

非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词），不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化. 一、 不定式主动语态被动语态 否定式一般式To doTo be done 在to 前加not 或never进行式To be doing ------完成式To have doneTo have been done（动作发生在谓语动作之前） 1. It is bad for you to smoke so much. 2. He was seen to be killed by a tall man. 3. The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 4. Tom is said to have killed a boy, so he has been jailed. 5. Bill is said to have been caught stealing food, so he has been fired. 变否定 .It is important not to waste time. 二、 V-ing 主动语态被动语态 否定一般式DoingBeing done在前面加not完成式Having doingHaving been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 Seeing from the mountain, we can see a river running. He is afraid of being blamed(责备）by his mother. Having made so many mistakes, i feel shameful(丢脸的）. 4. Having been show around the library, we were then taken to the lab(实验室）。 5 Not knowing how to deal with the problem, he called his friends for help. 过去分词：形式done 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 不定式的作用 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意： 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate(取消，否定）my own idea .（对） 再如： To see is to believe 眼见为实 （不能写成 It is to believe to see ) 作宾语 动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I want to go home. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） I think it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, need, forget, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, choose,etc. 作宾语补足语 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如： He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish