高中非谓语动词教材.doc

PAGE  PAGE 9 非谓语动词 【考点一】非谓语动词用法之不定式： 动词不定式：（to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 不定式的形式：  主动 被动一般式进行式完成式否定式： 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作____________________________________, 例如：We plan to pay a visit. 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作_____________________________________, 例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作________________________________________, 例如：I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 不定式的句法功能： 作主语：（动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语） To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.→__________________________________ 作表语：Her job is to clean the hall. 作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：（口诀） 决心学会想希望，decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish, 拒绝设法愿假装。Refuse,manage,care,pretend, 主动答应选计划，offer,promise,choose,plan, 同意请求帮一帮。agree,ask/beg,help 此外， afford,strive（斗争）等也要用不定式作宾语。 eg.She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。 eg.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 4作宾语补足语： 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel). 以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。 eg.At that time,I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing,I’m sorry to have kept you waiting or such a long time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 动词不定式可充当宾语补足主，关注：I saw him cross the road(变被动???=_______________ 作定语：动词不定式作定语，入在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： 动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词， eg.He found a good house to live____. The child has nothing to worry_______. B)说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work. C)被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get there. 作状语： 表目的，He worked day and night to get the money. 注意不定式放名首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： 判断正误： To save money,every means has been tried,( ) To save money,he has tried every means.( )