IntroductiontoPhonetics.docVIP

Introduction to Phonetics 1 ）Distinction of phonetics phonology Both: the studies of speech sounds Phonetics Studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted and received Physical aspect Phonology The study of sound systems To discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized To explain the variations that occur 2） The branches of phonetics Articulatory phonetics Production, how sounds are produced Identify and classify individual sounds Acoustic phonetics Transmission, how sounds are transmitted Physical properties Auditory/perceptual phonetics Perception, how speech sounds are received 3） Speech organs Speech organs, also known as vocal organs, are those parts of the human body involved in the production of speech. Vocal tract Oral cavity Mouth: lips Tongue: tip, blade, front, back, root Palate: hard, soft, uvula Teeth: upper, lower Nasal cavity Pharynx 4 ）IPA and phonetic transcription IPA is an abbreviation for International Phonetic Association International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Association Inaugurated by a small group of language teachers International Phonetic Alphabet A system of symbols to represent the pronunciation of words in any language The symbols consist of letters and diacritics. Some letters are taken from Roman alphabets (/p/ in /pen/). Others are special symbols (/∫/ in /∫?u/). Diacritics are like ?, ? etc. 1886: Otto Jespersen proposed. 1920s: Daniel Jones developed IPA 1993 1996: revised, The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (IPA Handbook) Narrow transcription Also called phonetic transcription Placed between square brackets [ ] Show the details of pronunciation [phi:k] for ‘peak’ [sp=i:k] for speak Broad transcription Also called broad notation. Use the distinctive sounds of a language (phonemes) and don’t not show the finer (detailed) points of pronunciation. Also referred to as phonemic notation. It is written within slanting brackets / /. (/pi:k/ for peak, /spi:k/ for