主谓一致考题分析.ppt

如何走出“主谓一致”的三大误区 句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。 误区一 误认主语 1. 倒装句 【 】①Between the two buildings are a big tree. 【 】②Between the two buildings is a big tree. 第①句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree。 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构： 副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 【 】①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. 【 】②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语，like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。 特别提醒 类似的结构有： 主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。 3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词 【 】①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. 【 】②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数， 4. 定语从句 【 】①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. 【 】②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。 特别提醒: 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 　误区二 被主语的表象迷惑 1. 看似复数却表单数概念 【 】①Maths are my favorite subject. 【 】②Maths is my favorite subject. maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科。 类似的有：physics , news , politics . . . 2. 看似单数却表复数概念 【 】①The police is searching for the robbers. 【 】②The police are searching for the robbers. the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”. 类似的词有： people , the + 形容词， the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。 3. 名词的单复数同形 【 】①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? 【 】②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于sheep之前用的a little修饰，加上Can you see it中的it指代单数，因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”。如果将原题改为：There ____ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can y