第3篇第8章长句的拆分解答.ppt

第三篇第8章长句的拆分 汉语重意合 汉语的长句是指那些由许多小句组成，含有多层意思的句子。它们可能由一个主语引领，但也常常在中间变换主语。汉语长句内的各个小分句往往本身就可以表达一个完整的意思，而在翻译成英语时要依照各个小分句之间的逻辑关系加以组合或拆分。 基本方法 1. 拆分法 2. 合并法 顺译法 逆译法 插入法 * 拆分法 如果汉语长句中的各个短句的主语发生转换，而且每个短句的意思相对完整独立，就可以把原文的几个短句分别拆成几个英语的独立句子。 * 我班上有16个学生，所有的学生都说英语。 There were sixteen students in my class. All (of them) speak English． 家，阔别了二十年的家，这个字眼对他来说是多么亲切呀！ Home after twenty years. Home. The word had meant so much to him. 我在学堂里坐着，心里也闷，不如给他家放牛，倒快活些。 I fell sitting in school boring anyway. I’d rather look after our neighbor’s buffaloes. * 接着，他继续设想，/鸡又生鸡，/用鸡卖钱，/钱买母牛，/母牛繁殖，卖牛得钱，/用钱放债，/这么一连串的发财计划，当然也不能算是生产的计划。 He went on indulging in wishful thinking. /Chickens would breed more chickens. /Selling them would bring him money. /With this he could buy cows. /The cows would breed too and selling oxen would make more money for him. /With the money, he could become a money lender. /Such a succession of steps for getting rich, had nothing at all to do with production. 合并法 合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个英语长句。汉语强调意合，句子结构较松散，简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据原文各句之间的逻辑关系利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立主格结构等形式,如and/but, while/because/if, for, with, 把汉语短句连成英语长句。 农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低，使得绝大多数农村人口在国内处于不利的地位。 Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country. (1) 顺译法 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (独立主格结构表从属关系） * 在这方面，中国已经作出了榜样。它参加了万隆会议，在那次会上，中国总理周恩来先生起了重大的作用。 Here again, China has set an example since she was at Bundung, where Mr. Zhou En-lai, the Premier, played a major role. (原因状语从句+地点状语从句表从属关系) 他们患得患失，拒绝接受分配给他们的任务。(现在分词短语表原因) Considering the gain and loss, they refused to accept the jobs assigned to them. 原子的种类很多，质量与性质都不相同。 There are many kinds of atoms, differing in both mass and prop