Computational identification and evolutional analysis of Piwi subfamily in 11 Drosophila species.pdf

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Computational identification and evolutional analysis of Piwi subfamily in 11 Drosophila species.pdf

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Computational identification and evolutional analysis of Piwi subfamily in 11 Drosophila species

? 2008 The Authors Journal compilation ? Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Insect Science, 15, 537-544 Gene analysis of Piwi subfamily in Drosophila 537 537 Insect Science (2008) 15, 537-544, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2008.00243.x Introduction As important participators in RNAi mechanism, Argonaute proteins recognize short regulatory guide RNA strands and, if they have slicer activity, cleave the target mRNA (Carmell et al., 2002; Faehnle Joshua-Tor, 2007; Hutvagner Simard, 2008; Peters Meister, 2007; Seto et al., 2007; Song et al., 2004; Zamore Haley, 2005). There are two Argonaute subfamilies, AGO and Piwi. AGO subfamily proteins are found in animals, plants and fission yeast, and they participate in siRNAs and miRNAs pathways. Drosophila AGO subfamily consists of two members, Ago1 and Ago2. Ago1 plays a role in miRNA- mediated gene silencing, while Ago2 has an important function in RNA interference induced by siRNA (Okamura et al., 2004; Hammond et al., 2001). Recently, WAGO, a special AGO subfamily, was found in the worm, that accounts for the majority of the Argonaute family in C. elegans (Yigit et al., 2006). Piwi subfamily has only been found in animals and it is expressed specifically in the germline and early embryo (Cox et al., 1998; Seto et al., 2007; Tolia Joshua-Tor, 2007; Zamore, 2007). There are three Piwi subfamily members in D. melanogaster, piwi, Aubergine (Aub) and Ago3. Piwi proteins are necessary for the germline integrity. Aub genes are required in the germline for the production of functional oocytes. Ago3 genes interact with piRNA and involve in transposon silencing (Brennecke et al., 2007; Gunawardane et al., 2007; Saito et al., 2006; Vagin et al., 2006; Harris Macdonald, 2001). Historically, the AGO subfamily has attracted much more attention than the Piwi subfamily due to its important functions in siRNA and miRNA induced gene-silencing Xue Zhou 1,2 , Ya-Long Xu 2 , Luo-Gen Cheng 1 and Fei Li 2 1 College of Li