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Destruction of cresols by Fenton oxidation process
ARTICLE IN PRESS0043-1354/$ - se
doi:10.1016/j.w
Correspond
fax: 91 44 22354
E-mail addrWater Research 39 (2005) 3062–3072
/locate/watresDestruction of cresols by Fenton oxidation process
V. Kavitha, K. Palanivelu
Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
Received 13 July 2004; received in revised form 7 May 2005; accepted 10 May 2005
Available online 29 June 2005Abstract
The present study was used to probe the treatment of simulated wastewater containing cresols by Fenton process.
Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor to examine the effects of operating variables like pH, hydrogen peroxide
concentration (H2O2) and ferrous ion concentration (Fe
2+) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The progress
of the degradation reaction was monitored by the decrease in COD content in the treated solution. The optimal reacting
conditions were experimentally determined and it was found to be [H2O2] ? 31.64mM, [Fe2+] ? 0.90mM for o- and p-
cresol while 0.72mM for m-cresol at pH ? 3.070.2. The degradation efficiency for cresol isomers was as high as 82%
within 120min at optimum conditions. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was adopted to represent the Fenton
oxidation for cresols. The mineralization rate for cresols obeys the following sequence: m-4p-4o-. Maximum
degradation occurred at 30 1C for the temperature range of 20–50 1C studied. The global activation energy for the first-
order reaction was estimated to be in the range of 12.90–16.25 kJ/mol. Air/nitrogen did not play an active role in
completely mineralizing the organic intermediates at the experimental conditions adopted. Irrespective of the position
of methyl group in o-, m- or p-position, the maximum dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency was 42%.
Only 2/5th of cresol was mineralized to CO2 by Fenton process. The results showed that the cresols were completely
oxidized and degraded into lower molecular weight aliphatic acids. Among the acids, acetic and oxalic a
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