构词法(用root stem base部分).ppt

Chapter 3(构词法) 3.1 General Remark 概述 3.2 Compounding 复合构词法 3.3 Derivation 派生构词法 3.3.1 Prefixation 加前缀 3.3.2 Suffixation 加后缀 3.4 Conversion 词类转换法 The differences between “root”, “stem” and “base”? Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. undesirables = un + desire + able + s Base: desirable → desire (base) undesirable → desirable (base) undesirables → undesirable (base) Base/词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. 2) denationalized denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d Root: nation Stem: denationalize Base: national → nation nationalize → national denationalize → nationalize denationalized → denationalize desirable: desire (root or base, not stem) undesirable: desirable (base, not root, not stem) undesirables: undesirable (stem or base, not root) desired: desire (root, stem or base) 3.2 Compounding 复合构词法 Questions: 1. What is compounding? 2. What are the relative criteria of a compound? 3. The classification of compounding? What is compounding? Compounding / composition: a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit. e.g. flowerpot= flower + pot machine-independent = machine + independent back The relative criteria of a compound 1. Orthographic criterion: Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid, hyphenated and open. E.g. flowerpot