光催化氧化技术.doc

92  GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON  12.Gullick,R.W.,Grayman,W.M.,Deininger,R.A.,andMales, R.M.(2003).Designofearlywarningmonitoringsystemsfor sourcewaters.J.Am.WaterWorksAssoc.95:58–72. 13.Ropp,S.L.,Jin,Q.,Knight,J.C.,Massung,R.F.,andEspos- ito,J.J.(1995).PCRstrategyforidenti?cationanddiffer- entiationofsmallpoxandotherorthopoxviruses.J.Clin. Microbiol.33:2069–2076. 14.Peruski,A.H.andPeruski,L.F.,Jr.(2003).Immunological methodsfordetectionandidenti?cationofinfectiousdisease andbiologicalwarfareagents.Clin.Diagn.Lab.Immunol. 10:506–513. 15.Tims,T.B.andLim,D.V.(2004).RapiddetectionofBacillus anthracissporesdirectlyfrompowderswithanevanes- centwave?ber-opticbiosensor.J.Microbiol.Methods59: 127–130. 16.Kijek,T.M.,Rossi,C.A.,Moss,D.,Parke,R.W.,andHen- chal,E.A.(2000).Rapidandsensitiveimmunomagnetic- electrochemiluminescentdetectionofstaphylococcalentero- toxinB.J.Immunol.Methods236:9–17. 17.Firmani,M.A.andBroussard,L.A.(2003).Moleculardiag- nostictechniquesforuseinresponsetobioterrorism.Expert Rev.Mol.Diagn.3:605–616. defmw1702mw166 GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON DINESHMOHAN KUNWARP.SINGH GomtiNagar,Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh,India Activatedcarbonisthegenerictermusedtodescribe afamilyofcarbonaceousadsorbentswithahighly crystallineformandextensivelydevelopedinternal porestructure.Activatedcarbonisdistinguishedfrom  Amongthemostcommonlyusedrawmaterials,precursors fortheproductionofcommerciallyactivatedcarbonsare wood(130,000tons/year),coal(100,000tons/year),lignite (50,000tons/year),coconutshell(35,000tons/year),and peat(35,000tons/year)(4,5). TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBONS Basedonthephysicalproperties,activatedcarbonscanbe classi?edintothefollowingbroadcategories: Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) Theseactivatedcarbonsaremadeinthepowdersor ?negranulesaccordingtotherequirement.Powdered activatedcarbonshaveadiameterbetween15and25 μm. Thesecarbonsprovidealargeinternalsurfacewitha smalldiffusiondistance. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Granularactivatedcarbon(GAC)iscommonlyusedfor thepuri?cat