Amethodologyforevaluatingenvironmentalimpactsofrailwayfreighttransportationpolicies.docx

A methodology for evaluating environmental impacts of railway freight transportation policies铁路货物运输政策的环境影响评价法Keywords:Transportpolicydesign；Rail transport；Energy consumption关键词：运输政策制定；铁路运输；能量消耗摘要：铁路货运具有一定的复杂性，经常难于有效精确地对其进行建模。目前，货运的能源和环境影响的建模通常建立在平均数据的基础上，不能反映具体某一线路的影响特点。这些模型能进行定性的近似，为高水平的交通政策提供设计标准：关于道路-铁路运输模式转换、区域能源计划或者环境的政策。本文提出一个能与某一铁路线路结合并具有一定精度的铁路能耗评估方法。本方法是在评估一系列影响因子、机动性、运营或相关基础设施对铁路能耗的不同影响程度的基础上建立起来的。同时也可以本评估法应用在具体的交通政策制定上：交通模式转换的影响评价，某一线路运营、隧道建设、铲平斜坡、改善交通控制的能耗与污染物排放影响评价等。本文对传统评价法与本评价法进行了对比，同时对结果进行了深入讨论。1.简介This paper will propose an integrated methodology for calculating freight railway consumption associated to a specific railway line. Naturally, estimating pollutant emissions relies on accurate consumption estimates and emission factor.本文结合某一铁路线路，提出了一个计算铁路货运能耗的集成法。污染物排放的评估，毋庸置疑，依赖精确的能耗估算与排放影响因子。The methodology unifies several separate, existing algorithms modelling particular aspects of rail operation, and develops new calculation methods as well as a unified framework for all. It has been designed for direct automation of calculations, for straight- forward evaluation of different operational and infrastructural scenarios. This makes it especially useful for transport policy design at all levels, from evaluating impacts of modal shift to estimating the effect of building tunnels and bridges.本方法结合了多个不同的现有算法，对铁路运营的某些特定方面进行建模，并提出新的算法以及适用所有线路的统一框架；以直接的自动化计算、对不同运营与基建情况直接评估为设计目的。因此无论是评估交通模式转换还是评价隧道、桥梁建设的影响，本方法在任何层面的交通政策制定中均有突出作用。Rail energy consumption is normally studied for inventories (Dincer and Elbir, 2007), comparing modes of transport (Parajuli et al., 2003) and evaluating potential impacts of modal shift, especially regarding pollutant emissions (SSFL, 2006). These studies are normally referred to large geographical regions (typically countries) or to large volumes of freight. However, it sometimes becomes necessary to find or estimate the consumption of a specific railwayline. Such is the case when planning or evaluating specific transport and infrastr