apa引文格式详细介绍.ppt

APA引文格式指南 Contents 一、In-text Citation 二、Reference forms APA style is the style of writing used by journals published by the American Psychological Association (APA). 引证（Citations in text） 如果用某个作者具体的话或论点来进行引证，要注明作者的姓和出版年份。下面将对各种不同情况的引证一一介绍。 直接引用: 引用原话，必须用引号，并且除了标明作者和出版年以外，还要标明具体页码。 Darwin used the metaphor of tree “to express the other form of interconnectedness---genealogical rather than ecological” (Gould, 1989, p. 14). 间接引用: 不引用原话，可以不用引号，只注明作者和出版年。 As metaphors for the workings of nature, Darwin used the tangled bank, the tree of life, and the face of nature (Gould, 1989). 2. 如果在正文中提到你要引用的作者，只需标明出版年，要紧随其姓氏后用括号标明。 Gould (1989) attributes Darwin’s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor. 3. 如果在正文中没有提到你要引用的作者，则需在引用结束时用括号标明作者和出版年。如果是直接引用还要标明页码。 It has been argued that the teachers’ role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar successful results (Bloom, 1976). 4. 如果在正文中提到你要引用的作者，而且是直接引用，则需紧随其姓氏后用括号标明出版年，然后在引用的引号后用括号标明具体页码。 Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life “to explain the other form of interconnectedness---genealogical rather than ecological—and to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life” (p. 14). 5. 如果你要引用有两个作者的著作，要标明两个作者的姓氏。 在括号中出现，可以用符号。 在正文中出现，则必须用and。 Sexual-selection theory has been used to explore patterns of insect mating (Alcock Thornhill, 1983)…. Alcock and Thornhill (1983) also demonstrate…. 6. 如果你要引用有3-5个作者的著作，第一次引用时，列出所有的姓氏，以后引用时，只列出第一位作者的姓氏，然后后面就不用都列了，用et al.表示就可以了。 Scientists have isolated a gene connected to circadian rhythms in plants ( Millar, Straume, Chory, Chua Kay, 1995, p. 1163). They identified the mutations that activated light-dependent pathways (Millar, et al., 1995, p. 1165). Scientists have constructed a deletion map of the human Y chromosome (Vollrath et al. , 1992). … Their studies resolved a region of the chromosome into ordered inter