[中学联盟]非谓语动词课件+好.ppt

区分三大非谓语动词间的句法功能;;动词不定式的基本形式;分词的基本形式; 作主语:;如果要表示不定式动作的执行者,要在不定式短语前加上一个for sb.的短语，语法上称为不定式的复合结构. It is useful for you to learn some spoken English.;动词不定式（短语）做主语时，可用it做形式主语，通常是一些特定的形容词，动词和名词．;3) n.做表语． Eg. It’s a great pleasure to help you. It’s an honour to be invited to you birthday party. It’s a good idea to do the work in another way.;作宾语;allow, mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, doubt, escape, consider, admit(承认)，advise, appreciate=enjoy（欣赏）, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, delay（延迟）, imagine, include, keep, quit（离开）, resist(抵抗), risk（冒险）, understand, be used to, look forward to（期望）, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介词后接动名词doing;有些动词后既可接不定式做宾语，也可接动名词做???语,两者意义差别不大.这些词有like, hate, begin, start, love, continue等．;有些动词后既可接动词不定式做宾语有可接动名词做宾语，但意义截然不同。;;不定式既可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语.不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是:疑问词+不定式作宾语. I’m worrying about what to do next. Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.;个别介词例外: 需要注意的是,此句型中but/ except 前必须要有实义动词do时，but / except后的不定式to才能省略，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是： 有do无to，有 to无 do． She has no choice but to wait for the news. There was nothing she could do but cry. He had no choice but to wait. He could do nothing but wait.;作表语;做定语;I have nothing to do but wait. Do you have anything to say? 不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot, anything 等习惯上用不定式做宾语． 以“即将发生的动作”修饰事物时，可用不定式做定语． He will write more books in the years to come. The students are preparing for the examination to take place soon.;分词做定语： 分词前置：　 We can see the rising sun. He is a retired worker. 分词后置： There was a girl sitting there. This is the question given. There is nothing interesting.;动名词与分词做定语的区别：;作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词往往存在着两种逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语．;当被修饰的名词或代词是不定式逻辑上的宾语，而该不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个介词以形成逻辑上的动宾关系．;不定式,分词做宾语补足语的区别:;在被动语态中，不定式则由宾语补足语变成了主语补足语 Teacher ask him to clean the blackboard. He was asked to clean the blackboard. His boss order him to go there at once. He was ordered to go there at once. 在被动语态中不定式一律带to，不存在省略问题;但当以上的动词用于被动式，to