WTO常识问答WTO常问答.doc

WTO常识问答 IMF(International Monetary Fund) 国际货币组织 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定 dispute settlements 解决争端 多边贸易体制 multi-lateral trading system rules-based member-driven organization依据规则、成员驱动的组织 bloc集团 panel of experts 专家组 appeal report 上诉报告 commitments 承诺 breach 违反，违背 countervailing measures 反补贴措施 eliminate trade barriers 消除贸易壁垒 Q: 随着经济全球化的展开,国际经济组织的作用日益凸显。那么如今主要的经济组织有哪些呢？能简要的介绍一下吗？除了都关注国际贸易活动这个共同点外，分别有什么侧重点呢？ With the development of globalization, international economic organizations are playing a more important role. What are the major economic organizations in the world nowadays? Could you please tell me briefly about them, not only about their common characteristics in international trade practice, but also their particular features?A: 三个主要的国际经济组织是世界银行、国际货币基金组织和世界贸易组织。The three major international economic organizations are the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO).世界贸易组织是于1995年从关贸总协定发展而来，它是一个在贸易规则基础上进行贸易谈判的论坛，也是一个解决国家之间贸易争端的世界性组织，其核心作用是处理成员国之间的贸易关系。The WTO emerged out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995; it is an arrangement across countries that serves as a forum for negotiations on trading rules as well as a mechanism for dispute settlements in trade issues. Its main function is the management of trade relations between member states.相比之下，世界银行和国际货币基金组织是单独与其成员国打交道。它们对工业化国家影响很小，但是对发展中国家出现经济危机时，或者这些国家在寻找更多的外汇资源时却有较大的影响。By contrast, the World Bank and IMF deal with their member countries one at a time. They have little influence with industrial countries but can affect developing countries during times of economic crisis and when those countries seek additional foreign exchange resources.Q: The WTO has replaced the GATT and is much more than the GATT. Could people say in another way that the WTO is the multilateral trading system? WTO取代了GATT，比GATT覆盖的范围更广了，内容更丰富了。WTO是不是就是多边贸易体制，只是换种说法？A: 从某种意义上可以这么说，在多边贸易体制下，成员国之间采取多边谈判的方式使国际贸易规范化以及解决贸易争端。通过这种方法，世界贸易就会顺利运行，世界资源就会