2016高考总复习英语语法专项训练非谓语动词.ppt

语法专项训练(九) ——非谓语动词; 非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓语的动词, 有动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式三种. ;考点一　动词不定式 动词不定式由 “to＋动词原形” 构成, 有三种时态: (1)一般式to do, 不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生； (2)进行时to be doing, 不定式与谓语动词的动作同时发生；;(3)完成时to have done, 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生. 被动形式to be done和to have been done. 否定形式为not to do. 不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表 语、定语、状语和补语. ;1．作主语 To master a foreign language is necessary. 掌握一门外语是必要的. 2．作宾语 (1)可用不定式作宾语的动词常见 的有: want, wish, agree, like, decide, ;begin, start, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, intend, refuse等. I wish to see you soon. 我希望能早日见到你. (2)可用疑问代词或疑问副词what, which, whom, where, when, how加不定式作宾语, 但不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致. ;I really don’t know what to do/how to do it. 我确实不知道该怎么做. (3)不定式作介词but和except的宾 语时, 其前若有do动词, 则要省略to. She could do nothing but cry. 除了哭, 她别无他法. ;3．作表语 The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. 减肥的最好办法是减少体内脂肪. ;【注意】　 若主语部分有行为动词do时, 作表 语的不定式可带to, 也可省to. All we could do was (to) watch him. 我们能做的就是监视他. ;4．作定语 I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要做. 5．作状语 He went abroad to learn English. 他去国外是为了学习英语. (表目的, 相当于in order to);He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站却发现列车已开走 了. (表结果) 表结果时常见于下列句型: too...to..., so/such...as to..., enough... to..., only to.... ;He wept to hear the news. 听到那消息后他哭了. (表原因) 【注意】　作目的状语时, 不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之后发生；作 原因状语时, 不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生. ;6．作补语 接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有: advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, persuade, want, order, encourage, force, get, invite, expect, teach, wish, warn等. I’ll try to get her to see the doctor. 我会尽力让她去看医生. ;【注意】　 感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to, 但当句子为被动语态时, 则不能省to. 这类词有: 一感(feel), 二听(hear, listen to), 三让(let, have, make), 五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at). ;They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood. 他们很了解她, 是看着她长大的. (省to) The patient was made not to eat oily food after the operation. 病人术后不准吃油腻食品. (不能省to) ;完成下列句子 (1)It takes about 10 minutes _____________________________ (步行去汽车站)． (2)He is always the first one ___________________(到达学校)．;(3)Have you had Peter______