Linguistics Chapter 1.ppt

A Course on Linguistics;The Goals for this Course;Preview of the Textbook;The Requirements for this course;Today’s Task;Questions;Why do people pronounce “a” as [?] in “past bad” while others pronounce “a” as [a:] in “past park”? Why do you say “Good morning” to some people, and “Hi” to others? ;Complete the following words with suitable negative prefixes;Linguistic Phenomena;*;Linguistic Analysis;About the textbook;作????者：刘润清 文旭 出?版?社：外语教学与研究出版社 ;Preview of the Textbook;Chapter One Invitations to Linguistics;OUTLINE 1.1Why Study Language? 1.2 What is Language? 1.3 Design Features of Language 1.4 Origin of language 1.5 Functions of language 1.6 What is Linguistics? 1.7 Main branches of linguistics 1.8 Macro-linguistics 1.9 Important distinctions in linguistics;1.1 Why Study Language?;1.1 Some myths about language;1.1 Some fundamental views about Language;1.2 What is language?;Father of modern linguistics;“Language is a means of verbal communication.” It is instrumental in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act. It is social and conventional in that language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles. ;*;1.3 Design Features of Language;Human language is ‘unique’;（1）Arbitrarines 任意性;（2）Duality （二重性）;3. Productivity or Creativity (多产性) -Peculiar to human languages，users of language can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before, e.g. we can understand sentence like “ A red-eyed elephant is dancing on the hotel bed”, though it does not describe a common happening in the world. -Language is recursive (循环的，递归的). The recursive nature of language provides a theoretical basis for the possibility of creating endless sentences. E.g. “ The cat caught a mouse which was stealing a bread that the house-owner bought in the bakery of ……;（3） Crea