unit 4 morphology.ppt

Chapter 4 Morphology: the study of word structure ;Contents of this lesson;Morphology （形态学）;Basic Units;Morpheme—the minimal unit of meaningIt is the smallest unit that carries grammatical and /or semantic meaning.;;Types of morphemes;Free morpheme is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance, etc. ;Bound morpheme is one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. Such as “-s” in “dogs”, “-al” in “national”, “dis-” in “disclose”, “-ed” in “recorded”, etc.;◇1-morpheme boy, desire ◇2-morpheme boy+ish, desir(e)+ble ◇3-morpheme boy+ish+ness, desir(e)+bl(e)+ity ◇4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness, un+desir(e)+abl(e)+ity ;;;;Morphemes and Allomorphs;In the case of phonology, we said that the different allophones of a phoneme are part of the same phoneme, but are found in particular contexts. The same is true of the different allomorphs of a morpheme. Which allomorph of a morpheme is found depends on its context; in this case, what it is attached to: Example: consider [pl] for English plural. It normally has the pronunciation –s (i.e. /z/), but moose / moose-? ox / ox-en;a morpheme may undergo certain phonetic changes when combining with the base word. E.g. the plural morpheme {s} pronounced [z] in dogs, [s] in pests, [iz] in houses [ai] in mice [i:] in teeth and sheep goose and geese Allomorphs(形位变体）: the different variants of a morpheme;1.2 Types of morphemes; 3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;3.1 What is word;;Internal structure of words;;Task: Analyze the word in terms of root, stem and base.;Affix;Suffix — morphemes that occur only after others, e.g. -ful, -er, -ish, -ness, -able, -tive, -tion, etc. ; Root; Stem;Base;Word Structure;Derivation\affixa