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雅思阅读材料之thepopulationofChina雅思阅读材料之thepopulationofChina
智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料
雅思阅读材料之the population of China
下面是一篇关于中国的人口的雅思阅读材料,这篇雅思阅读材料的
主要内容是在中国的计划生育政策的影响下,中国的人口数量正在发生
意想不到的变化,也许几十年以后,中国将会产生人口危机。下面是详
细内容。
The most surprising demographic crisis
A new census raises questions about the future of China’s
one-child policy
DOES China have enough people? The question might seem
absurd. The country has long been famous both for having the
world’s largest population and for having taken draconian
measures to restrain its growth. Though many people, Chinese
and outsiders alike, have looked aghast at the brutal and
coercive excesses of the one-child policy, there has also often
been a grudging acknowledgment that China needed to do
something to keep its vast numbers in check.
But new census figures bolster claims made in the past few
years that China is suffering from a demographic problem of a
different sort: too low a birth rate. The latest numbers, released
on April 28th and based on the nationwide census conducted
last year, show a total population for mainland China of 1.34
billion. They also reveal a steep decline in the average annual
population growth rate, down to 0.57% in 2000-10, half the rate
of 1.07% in the previous decade. The data imply that the total
fertility rate, which is the number of children a woman of
child-bearing age can expect to have, on average, during her
lifetime, may now be just 1.4, far below the “replacement rate”
of 2.1, which eventually leads to the population stabilising.
Slower growth is matched by a dramatic ageing of the
population. People above the age of 60 now represent 13.3% of
the total, up from 10.3% in 2000 (see chart). In the same period,
those under the age of 14 declined from 23% to 17%. A
continuation of these trends will place ever greater burdens on
the working young who must support their elderly kin, as well as
on government-run pension and health-care systems. China’s
great “demographic dividend” (a rising share of working-age
adults) is almost
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