定语从句讲解及练习定语句讲解及练习.doc

第  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 6 页 共  NUMPAGES \* MERGEFORMAT 6 页 定语从句 形容词性从句，又叫定语从句，是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰一个名词或代词，有时修饰一个句子的从句。如：She gives me a book that she bought yesterday. （一）定语从句通常结构 主语（充当先行词）+ 引导词 + 从句的主谓 + 谓语 + 宾语 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（充当先行词）+ 引导词 + 从句的主谓 先行词 指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，位置是在定语从句的前面。 引导词 引导从句的词，连接主句和从句，还充当句子成分，又叫关系词。 词形先行词充当成分 关 系 代 词that人或物主，宾，表which物主，宾，表who人主，宾，表whom人宾whose（=of whom/which）人或物定as人或物主，宾，表关 系 副 词when(=in等+which)时间词状where（=in等+which）地点词状why(=for which)reason状how方式词状that(口语)状（二）关系词的几点特例 that作宾语可以省略，作主语不可省略。 This is the letter (that) I received yesterday. which常可以省略，作主语不可省略。 The man gets back the wallet (which) he lost on the bus. who不可省略。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. whom常可以省略或用who代替。但在介词后不可用who替代。 The professor (whom) you wish to see has come. This is the girl who/ whom he worked with. This is the girl with whom he worked . whose通常指人，也可指事物，在定语从句中作定语。 有句式：whose + n. = the + n. + of which = of which the + n. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. They live in the house whose door is red. when表示时间，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词，如time, day, hour, year等。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. where表示地点，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如place, room, house, ,street, area等。 This is the place where my mother was born. why表示原因，常常用在先行词reason后面。 The reason why he is late for class today is that he got up late in the morning. （三）关系副词换为关系代词：关系副词=介词＋关系代词 如：October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 替换：October 1, 1949 was the day on which the People’s Republic of China was founded. 再如：This is the place where my mother was born. 替换：This is the place in which my mother was born. 又如：The reason why he is late for class today is that he got up late in the morning. 替换：The reason for which he is late for class today is that he got up late in the morning. （四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限制性