the mew accounting system in the czech republic捷克共和国的新会计制度 —外文翻译学位论文.doc

PAGE  PAGE 10 The mew accounting system in the Czech Republic Rudolf Schroll Vysoka skola ekonomicka v Praze Abstract The purpose of the paper is threefold. First, to provide an assessment of the accounting system operated in Czechosolovakia during the period of the so-called centrally planned economy (i.e. the command economy).Second, to provide a characterization of the new accounting system introduced in 1993. third, to provide some indication of developing tendencies likely to become significant in the future. ACCOUNTING IN THE CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY It is important to understand that the objectives of accounting, especially of financial accounting ,in the centrally planned economy are fundamentally different from the objectives of accounting in the market economy. These differences have implication for the direction and rate of accounting change during the transition to the market economy. The specific nature of accounting in the centrally planned economy may be examined from four aspects. First, accounting was not ,in principle, an instrument at the disposal of the management of an enterprise or other entity(e.g. institution, organization).On the contrary, accounting was required to fulfil the needs of the central institution of the planned economy, such as the State Planning Commission Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Finance. The economic ministries(for various branches of the national economy). It was therefore necessary for the accounting system to be centrally directed and controlled. This was achieved through the introduction of the following measures: ·a uniform chart of accounts, designed centrally and obligatory for all profit making enterprises and other economic entities. A separate and obligatory chart of accounts was prepared for non-profit seeking entities; ·a detailed accounting methodology, adherence to which was obligatory for all accounting entities. Its preparation was the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance; ·a unifo