1.虚拟语气讲义.ppt

虚拟语气 ;要是现在不下雨，我们就不呆在屋里了。;;1. 现在事实相反：其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 ;2. 与过去事实相反：if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 例：We had a party yesterday. If we had invited her, she would have come. ;;4. 与将来事实可能相反：其if 从句的谓语形式用should +动词原形，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. (事实上现在天气很好，明天下雨的可能性应该不大。;5.虚拟错综的条件句：如果主句与从句的动词发生的时间不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。 If the doctor had come earlier last night, he would be alive today. If he had not changed his mind when he was young, he would be an artist now. ;If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.;6.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文和其他方式表示出来。如but for（要不是）, but that(clause), in case of（万一）, on condition (that), on the understanding(that)(如果）, otherwise（否则）, supposing（假设）, with, without 等表示让步假设。他们引导的虚拟语气的形式与条件主句相同。 例如： ;7. as if, as though （好象）引导的方式状语从句，从句中的谓语动词经常用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反；用would(could) + 动词原形表示所说的动作可能在将来发生。 e.g. They talked as if they had been friends for years. (他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友一样。) ;as if /though + Clause ;8. Wish 从句中的虚拟语气;8. Wish 从句中的虚拟语气;9. 连接词lest, for fear that, in case（万一，恐怕）引起的虚拟从句形式为： lest (for fear that, in case) + should + 动词原形 （should一般不省略） e.g. We didn’t tell the old woman the bad news for fear that she should break down. ;;11. 在下列主语从句中，谓语用should接动词原形，should 可省略。 It is necessary (essential, vital, indispensable, important, imperative (必需的)，obligatory, desirable, appropriate, fitting, strange, odd, natural, preferable, ridiculous, proper, urgent, advisable, suggested, advised, decided, recommended等) that … 例如: ;It’s important that everybody (should) be told all the fact