广州市市售黄瓜上细菌质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因检测分析及未来研究展望.docx

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 25 摘 要 近年来, 由于抗生素的滥用直接诱导动物体内及环境中菌群产生抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs),从而加速了抗性基因在环境与肠道菌群间的传播扩散。 而氟喹诺酮类药物(Fluoroqulnolones ,FQs) 是近代化学合成抗感染药物中发展最为迅速的药物, 具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、体内分布广等优点, 因此成为了人和动物临床应用最为广泛的药物之一。近年来一系列质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药( plasmid mediated quinolone resistance, PMQR)基因的发现引起了人们对PMQR基因在细菌间水平传播的高度重视。 本文针对2013年9至10月间在广州市25个菜市场，农贸市场，超市等的113个摊位购买的113份黄瓜样品，用营养肉汤对采集到的113份样品进行了增菌，并用PCR的方法对增得的细菌进行了PMQR 基因的检测,其中qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrD、qnrS、qepA、oqxA、oqxB、aac(6’)-Ib的检出率分别为8.85%、26.55%、0.88%、0.88%、61.95%、10.62%、62.83%、91.15%、21.24%；同时我们设想了对两种低流行的耐药基因(qnrC、qnrD)在样品中的快速检测及研究的方式，即先用营养肉汤增菌，再对阳性样品(qnrC、qnrD基因检测阳性)进行细菌分离鉴定，并对未来的研究提出了展望。结论：市场上销售的以黄瓜为代表的即食蔬果表面细菌PMQR 基因流行严重，且一般的清洗不能完全将其除去；我们建立的这种方式能够较简便地筛选到某一样品中低流行的耐药基因，并对其中能在营养肉汤中生长的细菌进行快速分离，有助于发现新的耐药基因亚型，也有助于推测一份样品中不同菌属之间是否存在质粒交换。 关键词：PMQR基因 水平传播 细菌 危害. High Prevalence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance Genes in Bacteria on Cucumbers in Guang Zhou Markets and the Design in the Following Study Yao Xiangyang （College of veterinary medicine, South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou 510642，China） Abstract： Broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotics are central in modern health care and are used to treat and prevent a wide range of bacterial infections. The discovering of a series of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes has drew people’ attention to the qnr genes horizontal transmission among pathogens and environmental bacteria. As for many antibiotic resistance genes present in pathogens today, qnr genes are hypothesized to originate from environmental bacteria. To investigate the prevalence of PMQR (plasmid mediated quinolone resistance) genes in ready-to-eat fresh vegetables, analysis its possibile threat to human health, and then give some advice to people who are often having ready-to-eat fresh vegetables. 113 cucumbers’ samples were collected from Guang Zhou markets during 2 months of the autumn season in 2013. The prevalence of 9 PMQR genes were detected by PCR from culturab