必修4-Unit3-Grammar-现在分词作定语和宾补.ppt

Module 4 U3P3 Grammar ;Revision;一、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。可表达三种含义： 表示“供…之用”，相当于used for doing. building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台 ;b) 表“正在…的”。如：those singing girls（=those girls who are singing）那些正在唱歌的女孩子们 举例：the laughing audience/the rising sun a flaming argument /a howling storm the dancing girl / a flying kite c) 表示性质特征，多含主动意味。如：an exciting story（=a story that excites people） 举例：an interesting crosstalk an amusing story / an exciting evening an interesting story ; 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修???的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。;二、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. ; 2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。 We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。; 2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.;2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如; 三、-ing形式作表语 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children.