文学理论与批评女性主义.ppt

Feminism; Feminism Feminine vs. Feminist vs. Feminism Origin Definition Three Waves of Feminism Feminist Literary Criticism Theoretical basis Development;Feminism;feminine vs. feminist vs. feminism;Origin;Definition;Three waves of feminism;Second-wave feminism (early 1960s-present) Focus: Achieving equal rights; describing or even celebrating the distinctiveness and specialness of women (cultural feminism/ difference feminism); a sense of sisterhood and shared identity among all women. Representatives: Virginia Woolf, Simone de Beauvoir, and Betty Friedan. ;Virginia Woolf (1882-1931) ;Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986);Gayle Rubin sex: what one is born with. gender: what one becomes. Feminists in the 1980s sex: male and female. gender: feminine and masculine. Contemporary feminists sex: the natural and inevitable product of biology and anatomy. gender: constructed product of culture. There are many different ways to enact gender, many different ways to be female and male, not one essentialist way. (multiplicity → liberating) Influence: it has connections with the study of LGTB and Freudian psychoanalysis about the construction of gender. ;Betty Friedan (1921-2006);Third-wave feminism (early 1990s) Focus: the variety of women; challenge or avoid what it seems the second wave’s essentialist definitions of femininity, which is over-emphasizing the experiences of upper middle-class white women. ;Feminist Literary Criticism;Theoretical basis;Development; 2. Prescriptive realism and the authority of experience Focus: expecting realistic characters; authoritative experience Method: tells writers how to write, prescribing how they should write—offer “positive role models”. Advantages: helps to point out the powerfully misogynist traditions of cultural history, literary history, and literary criticism. Limitations: confines literature to a narrow, predictable range of possibilities. There is no truly authoritative experience due to the