劳动人口分析.docxVIP

劳动人口分析 Appendix: Definitions of Labour Relations 劳动力关系的定义 Non-working: 非劳动力 As a starting point for each geographical unit and cross section, we take the entire population and subsequently determine what part is not, as a rule, working, and, consequently, what part is working (these “calculations” will often be based on estimates rather than precise data). The non-working population is divided into the following three categories: 在研究每个地理区域和时间横截面的劳动力关系时，我们首先提取出全部人口，确定哪部分是非劳动力，并根据此准则，再确定哪个部分是劳动力（此类“计算”所依据的多为估算而非精确数据）。非劳动力分为以下三个不同分类。 1. Cannot work or cannot be expected to work: those who cannot work, because they are too young (≤6 years), too old (≥ 75 years), disabled or are studying. 无劳动能力者或对其无劳动期待者/受教育者：由于年龄过小（≤6周岁）或过大（≥ 75周岁）???无法进行劳动生产的，残疾的，或者正在接受教育而不进行劳动的人。 2. Affluent: those who are so prosperous that they do not need to work for a living (rentiers, etc.), and consequently actually do not work. This also goes for their spouses if all their productive and reproductive tasks are taken over by servants, nannies, etc. There are, of course, affluent people, owners of big companies, who are wealthy enough to stop working but nevertheless choose to continue to work. If they are employers, these people should be assigned to labour relation 13 instead of 2. 不劳而获者/食利者：由于家境富裕而不需要为生存继续进行劳动生产，并且实际上也不进行劳动生产的人（如马克思所说的“食利者”等）。如果其配偶的生产和再生产由奴隶和保姆代替，那么其配偶也属于此范畴。当然也存在，虽然其所得财富已无需他们继续工作，却依然选择继续工作的富人，大企业家，如果他们同时是雇主，那么此类人应当归类在第13号劳动关系内，而非此处的2号劳动关系。 3. Unemployed: although unemployment is very much a nineteenth- and, especially, twentieth-century concept, we do distinguish between those in employment and those wanting to work but who cannot find employment. 失业/待业者：虽然“失业”是一个在十九世纪尤其是在二十世纪时形成的概念，我们还是需要区分有工作的人和希望再就业的失业/待业者。 Working: 劳动力 Reciprocal labour: 互惠劳动 Persons who provide labour for other members of the same household and/or community are subsumed within the category Reciprocal labour. 为其所在住户和/或社区的其他成员进行劳动生产的劳动者。 Within the household: 非商品性家务劳动 4 a. Leading household produce