脑岛被发现与强迫性赌博有一定的联系.doc

脑岛被发现与强迫性赌博有一定的联系 英国剑桥大学心理学系的一项研究发现，与强迫性赌博有关的对博弈几率的歪曲的认知观念可能是由于称为脑岛的一个大脑区域的活动，脑岛可能被证明是关于强迫性赌博的研究一个未来的目标。? ? 　　英国剑桥大学心理学系的一项研究发现，与强迫性赌博有关的对博弈几率的歪曲的认知观念可能是由于称为脑岛的一个大脑区域的活动，脑岛可能被证明是关于强迫性赌博的研究一个未来的目标。相关文章发表于2014年4月7日的《PNAS》杂志上。 　　赌博者常常根据关于技能、运气和可能性的扭曲观念而做出有风险的决策。这种扭曲的最重要的部分是对能控制概率游戏和发现随机序列的模式的错觉。 　　为了确定这些扭曲的神经生物学起源，Luke Clark及其同事向大脑的腹内侧前额叶皮层区域、杏仁核或者脑岛区域有损伤的31名受试者呈现模拟的赌博任务。13名大脑其他区域有损伤的受试者以及16名健康的受试者也玩了这个模拟的赌博游戏用于比较。这组作者报告说，这些对照组呈现出了经典的赌博错误观念，表现出了在一个老虎机游戏中在接近获胜的情况下继续参与游戏的动机增加。 　　这些对照组在轮盘赌游戏上也受到了这种赌徒谬论的影响。其中每一个组都表现出了这些效应——除了脑岛受损的组，这组作者说，这一结果提示事件序列和结果的处理可能涉及到脑岛，而脑岛可能被证明是关于强迫性赌博的研究一个未来的目标。 　　原文摘要：  HYPERLINK /content/early/2014/04/02/1322295111.abstract \t _blank Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling Luke Clark, Bettina Studer, Joel Bruss, Daniel Tranel and Antoine Bechara 　　GaMBLing is a naturalistic example of risky decision-making. During gambling, players typically display an array of cognitive biases that create a distorted expectancy of winning. This study investigated brain regions underpinning gambling-related cognitive distortions, contrasting patients with focal brain lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), insula, or amygdala (“target patients”) against healthy comparison participants and lesion comparison patients (i.e., with lesions that spare the target regions). A slot machine task was used to deliver near-miss outcomes (i.e., nonwins that fall spatially close to a jackpot), and a roulette game was used to examine the gambler’s fallacy (color decisions following outcome runs). Comparison groups displayed a heightened motivation to play following near misses (compared with full misses), and manifested a classic gambler’s fallacy effect. Both effects were also observed in patients with vmPFC and amygdala damage, but were absent in patients with insula damage. Our findings indicate that the distorted cognitive processing of near-miss outcomes and event sequences may be ordinarily supported by the recruitme