作用分词在句子中具有形容词(表语定语补语)和副词(状语)的功能.doc

作用:分词在句子中具有形容词(表语、定语、补语) 和副词（状语）的功能。形式：现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词?? (及物动词vt. 和不及物动词vi. ,以 do 和go 为例)　 主动式 被动式 一般式?? doing?? being done 完成式?? having done?? having been done 一般式 going?? 无 完成式 having gone?? 无 A:分词的否定式分词的否定式由“not + 分词”构成Not daring to speak , they say there silent . He escaped , not being seen by anyone . Not having found the wallet , he dared not go home .B:分词的时间意义现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。One day he saw a boy playing on the playground . Seeing nobody there , he turned off the lights . = When he saw nobody there , he turned....They came in talking and laughing .他们谈着，笑着进来了。现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Having cleaned the desks , we began reading . = When we had cleaned the desks, we began..Having been beaten by his parents , he studies very hard now . 现在分词表示的动作正在进行 You’d better make tea with boiling water . China is a developing country . We should get used to the changing world . C.现在分词的语态意义现在分词表示主动意义They are talking about the exciting news . He found the girl covering her face with her hands . The teacher came into the classroom following the students. 被动语态现在分词（必须是及物动词）也表示被动意义The building being built will be our school library . Having been invited by the students , he gave them a talk on history . 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只有完成意义In autumn , fallen leaves can be seen everywhere . ( ...leaves which has fallen ) They look up at the risen sun . (...the sun which has risen ) D.现在分词的作用1.作定语：分词或分词词组作定语相当于一个相当于主动语态的定语从句. 单个分词作定语放在被修饰词前；分词词组作定语放在被修饰词后.The man coming from Beijing is a policeman . = The man who comes from Beijing is a policeman. The worker retiring last week is a model worker.= The worker who retired last week is a model worker. Tell the children playing there not to make such noise= Tell the children who are playing there not to make such noise . If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one being corrected . 如果我去更正别人的看法，我会尽可能用幽默和自我克制的态度去做，就象是我被别人更正一样They lived i