英语人教版必修一同步精品课件：Unit1《Friendship》LearningaboutLanguage（人教版必修1）.ppt

Unit 1 Friendship 友谊 Learning about Language;直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)陈述句和疑问句 直接引语变间接引语是基本语法项目，当直接引语为祈使句、陈述句或疑问句转换成间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要发生相应的变化。在高考中体现为对宾语从句的考查，其考查点主要集中在引导词、时态、语序这三个方面。; 观察并研究下面两组句子，总结它们的语法形式及语意, 注意它们的不同。 ①a) The leader said, “You all must join in this game. ” b) “You all must finish the task ahead of time, ” said the teacher. ②a) The leader ordered that they all should join in that game. b) The teacher ordered them to finish the task ahead of time. 结论：第一组是直接引语，前后要加____；第二组是________，不用加引号，而用宾语从句或复合宾语来表达。;直接 引语;﹡The Nobel Committee for Chemistry said，“His discovery was not accepted at first. ”诺贝尔化学委员会说：“起初，他的发现是不被接受的。”(引号内的话为直接引语) →The Nobel Committee for Chemistry said that his discovery had not been accepted at first. 诺贝尔化学委员会说他的发现曾经不被接受。(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语);二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则 1. 人称变化的三原则 (1)“第一人称随主”原则:如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 ﹡Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own. ” 玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称);(2)“第二人称随宾”原则:如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语, 也可以用第一人称。 ﹡Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave? ” 她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称);(3)“第三人称不更新???原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 ﹡The workers said, “The leaders often make the workers work extra hours. ”工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”(直接引语中为第三人称) →The workers said that the leaders often make the workers work extra hours. 工人们说，领导经常让工人们加班。(改为间接引语后人称不变);2. 时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：;﹡His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic. ” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时);﹡ The organizer said, “We have begun our plan. ” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时);【名师点津】 直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不