高一英语人教版必修4优化指导精品课件4-4.ppt

Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing;动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。 一、动词-ing形式作状语的句法功能 1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句) Hearing the news，they jumped with great joy. (＝When they heard the news，they jumped with great joy.) 听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳起来。;Having finished the homework，he went shopping. (＝After he had finished his homework，he went shopping.) 完成作业后，他去购物了。 2．作原因状语 Being too young，he couldn’t join the army. (＝As he was too young，he couldn’t join the army.);因为年幼，他不能参军。 Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way. (＝As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.) 因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。 ;3．作条件状语 Using your head，you’ll find a good way. (＝If you use your head，you’ll find a good way.) 动动脑，你就会想出一个好办法。 Driving too fast，you will damage the car. (＝If you drive too fast，you will damage the car.) 如果开车太快，你会把车子弄坏的。;4．作方式状语或伴随状语 She sat by the window，enjoying the beautiful sights outside. (＝She sat by the window and enjoyed the beautiful sights outside.) 她坐在窗户旁，欣赏着外面的风景。 They went into the hall，laughing and talking. (＝They went into the hall and were laughing and talking.) 他们又说又笑地走进大厅。;5．作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果，不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果) Her husband died last year，leaving her with three children. 她的丈夫去年去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。;二、动词-ing形式的时态 He stood there，waiting for a bus. 他站在那里等公共汽车。(waiting为动词-ing形式的一般式作状语，与stand动作同时发生) 动词-ing形式的完成式：having＋p.p.，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因(一般式表示动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)。;Having lived in Beijing for years(＝As I lived in Beijing for years)，I almost know every place quite well. 在北京住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。(having lived作状语，表示原因，live的动作发生在know动作之前) Having worked for three hours(＝After he(had)worked for three hours)，he took a rest. 工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked作状语，表示时间，work动作发生在take a rest动作之前);三、动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋v.-ing；not having＋v.-ed Not knowing this，he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。;四、少部分动词-ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，不要误认为，动词-ing形式作状语。常见的这样的动词-ing形式(短语)有： generally/str