土壤重金属污染特征研究论文选编.doc

PAGE  PAGE III 分 类 号： TP391 学号： 学号：12345678910 本科毕业论文 姓 名： 专 业： 环境科学 指导教师姓名： 指导教师职称： 副 教 授 2016年5月摘 要 土壤是人们赖以生存的基础，它不仅为人类提供栖息地，更为植物输送营养，所以土壤的环境尤为重要。XX市红旗岭镍矿是一个采矿多年的大矿，多年来发展迅速，但多年的开采也使工业三废大量排放，周围土壤受到重金属污染。 本文采集了红旗岭镍矿周边表层土壤研究其重金属的污染状况，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中镉、镍、锌的含量，结果显示：镉、镍和锌的平均含量为0.18 mg?kg-1、771.09 mg?kg-1和84.61mg?kg-1。该地区土壤镉、锌这两种重金属平均含量没有超过国家三类土壤标准限定值，而重金属镍的含量远远超过国家标准限定值；与XX土壤环境背景值比较，镉和锌的平均含量微高于XX土壤环境背景值，而镍的平均含量则远远超过XX土壤环境背景值。运用两种污染评价方法评价了该地区表层土壤这三种重金属污染状况，镉、镍和锌这三种重金属的污染指数分别为：0.60、 15.42、 0.34，表明镉和锌在土壤环境中污染等级为尚清洁，镍在土壤环境中污染等级为重度污染；内梅罗综合污染指数为11.57，表明该土壤重金属污染等级为重度污染，其他重金属元素处于安全水平，表层土壤中镍含量严重超标，说明镍矿的存在导致镍矿周边土壤污染严重，同时该矿区周边土壤重金属污染综合评价为严重污染，不适合农用，需要采用相应措施控制与治理。 关键词：土壤 镍矿 重金属 污染特征 Abstract Soil is the foundation of the people live, not only does it provide habitat for humanity, more plant nutrition. So the soil environment is particularly important. The hongqiling nickel minerals in the city of Panshi is a large mine mining for many years, and over the years has developed rapidly. But years of mining the industrial three wastes emissions in great quantities, Some heavy metal elements deposited in the waste residue pile, the surrounding soil is polluted by heavy metals, is becoming more and more serious. This paper collected the Hongqiling nickel minerals surrounding soil to study the pollution characteristics of heavy metals. And using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method determination of Cd, Ni, Zncontent in soil. The results show that the average content of Cd, Ni, Zn is 0.18 mg·kg-1, 771.09 mg·kg-1, 84.61 mg·kg-1. The content of Cd, Ni and Zn does not more than the thirdly standard limits in the soil environmental quality, but the concentration of Ni is more than the standard. Compared with the soil background values of Jilin Province, the average content of Cd and Zn is slightly above the soil environmental ba