高等植物中转化酶.pptVIP

高等植物中的转化酶报告人：王爱华;转化酶的概念 转化酶的分类分布 转化酶在植物糖代谢中的作用 转化酶基因的进化;1 概 念 转化酶（Invertase)，又称蔗糖酶或β-呋喃果糖苷酶。 是与蔗糖代谢密切相关的一种酶，催化蔗糖不可逆水解成葡萄糖和果糖。 Sucrose +H2O ----- Glucose + Fructose 与糖代谢相关的酶;蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS） 磷酸蔗糖磷酸化酶（SPP） 蔗糖合成酶（SuSy） 转化酶(Inv);2.1 转化酶的分类;2.2 转化酶在源和库细胞中的分布;调节植物的生长发育和器官建成 细胞壁转化酶在蔗糖的卸载中发挥作用 液泡转化酶促进成熟器官液泡的蔗糖积累调节淀粉合成一些酸性转化酶基因作用于病原防治细胞壁转化酶与抗衰老有关酸性转化酶与植物的非生物（干旱）抗性有关 转化酶在信号传导中的作用;3.1 调节植物生长???育和器官建成;Phenotypic Changes in Transgenic Plantlets Expressing Antisense mRNA for Vacuolar Invertase or Cell Wall Invertase All plantlets were grown on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing only macroelements and microelements and 3% sucrose. The transgenic control plantlets harbor the promoter of the gene for carrot cell wall invertase fused to the GUS reporter gene. (A) Antisense plantlets for cell wall invertase (Acwi-59, Acwi-65, and Acwi-76) and wild-type (W T) and transgenic control plantlets (B) Antisense plantlets for vacuolar invertase (Avi-34, Avi-47, and Avi-65) and wild-type (W T) and transgenic control plantlets;Phenotypic Changes in Mature Transgenic Plants Plants were grown in soil in a growth chamber. The control plants are transgenic and harbor the promoter of the gene for carrot cell wall invertase fused to the GUS reporter gene. (A) An Acwi plant and a control plant (B) An Avi plant and a control plant;Electron microscopic pictures of pollen from wild-type (A and B) and transgenic plants (C-F) (A) SEM picture of wild-type pollen. (Bar?=?5?μm.) (B) Transmission EM (TEM) picture of wild-type pollen. (Bar?=?5?μm.) (C) SEM picture of pollen from NT23-4. (Bar?=?5?μm.) (D) TEM picture of pollen from NT23-4. (Bar?=?5?μm.) (E) SEM picture of pollen from NT23-6. (Bar?=?5?μm.) (F) TEM picture of pollen from NT23-6. (Bar?=?5?μm.) NT23-4 represents one of the plants whose pollen shows germination efficiencies between 25% and 40%; NT23-6 is one of the plants with germination efficiency 2%;3.2 细胞壁转化酶在蔗糖的卸载中发挥作用 ;3.3 液泡转化酶有利于