非谓语动词 non-infinitive.ppt

Nonfinite Verbs;谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didn’t go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.;非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），动名词和现在分词ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。 e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. You are students, so you don’t work in the factory. Being students, you don’t work in the factory. ;非谓语动词使用条件;分词;（一）不定式的语法形式;一， 动词不定式(以动词study为例);具有名词, 形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分: 主语 , 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.;1. 作主语;2. 作宾语;（５）其他动词 Afford, fail, manage, try、arrange、 dare, help , promise、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree、forget ,bother I want to do it myself. 老师答应和我们一起去看这个电影。 Our teacher promised to see the film with us. ;B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… 他教我怎么使用这个工具。 He taught us how to use the tool. 我希望你会建议我去做什么。 I hope you’ll advise me what to do.;C. 常跟形式宾语的动词 Consider, feel, make ,find, believe, know, regard… S+V+it+C+to do it做形式宾语 We think it important to obey the law. 我知道一天内做完所有的作业是不可能的。 I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.;3. 作表语;4.不定式作定语;注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词, 它后面应有必要的介词. There is nothing to worry about. 2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时, 它后面要带上必要的介词. I need a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in;B. 常跟不定式作定语的名词 need, time, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, decision,, wish… Is that the best way to solve the problem? They had no chance to go to school in those years. Our decision to wait was wise.;5.不定式作宾语补足语;B. ask, tell, request, order等表要求,命令的动词 主席要求成员们安静。 The chairman requested the members to be silent. 老师要我准时到那里。 My teacher asked me to go there on time. ;C. allow, permit, forbid等表许可或禁止的动词 门卫禁止我进入。 The guard forbade me to enter. D. wish, want, expect, intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法) 许多父母希望他们的